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Sustainable Solidarity Under Scarcity: A Philosophical and Political Analysis of Veranderen om te behouden (2026–2036)

 Abstract Voor de hervorming van het Belgische ziekenhuislandschap: Veranderen om te behouden (2026–2036) proposes a fundamental reorganisation of Belgian hospital care. It differentiates hospital sites by function, concentrates acute and complex care, expands day care and intermediate care, centralises emergency triage, and seeks closer coordination between hospitals, primary care and community services. The report presents this programme through the Quintuple Aim, integrated people-centred care, positive health, solidarity, equity, patient empowerment and professional wellbeing. Its normative centre, however, is more specific than this plural vocabulary suggests. The governing principle is sustainable solidarity under conditions of scarcity: universal access to good care should be preserved, but preserving it requires the concentration of scarce personnel, expertise and infrastructure. The report therefore gives priority to system-level quality and workforce sustainability over ...

A Normative Legal Framework for Diagnosis-Related Group Financing of Acute Hospitals: Reconciling Efficiency, Quality, Equity, Integrity and European Health-Data Law

 Abstract Diagnosis-related group (DRG) financing replaces reimbursement of hospitals’ reported expenditure with prospective payment for clinically defined categories of inpatient cases. Properly designed, it can improve cost awareness, comparability, transparency and technical efficiency. Its incentives are nevertheless incomplete. Because hospitals may retain savings when the cost of treating a patient is below the applicable DRG tariff, they may also have incentives to increase admissions, select financially attractive patients, classify cases into higher-paying groups, discharge patients prematurely, reduce clinically necessary inputs or shift costs to other providers. A humane and legally sustainable DRG system must therefore be designed as a regulated form of strategic purchasing rather than as a stand-alone price mechanism (e.g. public and/or private health insurance). In this essay I intend to derive the governing principles of such a system from World Health Organization (...